Lei Xu

Associate Prof., Radiation Oncology

Lei Xu

See the Xu Lab Page

Publications

Hide

Ren J, Amoozgar Z, Uccello TP, Lei PJ, Zhao Y, Ho WW, Huang P, Kardian A, Mack SC, Duda DG, Xu L, Jain RK

Targeting EPHB2/ABL1 restores antitumor immunity in preclinical models of ependymoma.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122(4):e2319474122 - PMID: 39841145 - PMCID: PMC11789170 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319474122

Lu S, Yin Z, Wu L, Sun Y, Chen J, Wu LMN, Oblinger JL, Blake DC, Landegger LD, Seist R, Ho W, Xiu B, Jones AP, Muzikansky A, Stankovic KM, Plotkin SR, Chang LS, Xu L

Enhanced Tumor Control and Hearing Loss Prevention Achieved with Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor and Anti-VEGF Therapy in Vestibular Schwannoma Model.
bioRxiv. 2024;:ePub - PMID: 39763968 - PMCID: PMC11703165 - DOI: 10.1101/2024.12.29.630658

LaPelusa M, Chamseddine S, Tran Cao HS, Xiao L, Hasanov E, Bhosale P, Amin HM, Mohamed YI, Gok Yavuz B, Sakr Y, Xu L, Hu I, Lee SS, Sakamuri D, Jindal S, Nguyen V, Curran MA, Sun R, Rashid A, Duda DG, Sharma P, Qayyum A, Kaseb AO

Tissue and imaging biomarkers of response to neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Oncology. 2024;103(6):490-497 - PMID: 39427654 - PMCID: PMC12006443 - DOI: 10.1159/000541250

Sun Y, Yin Z, Li S, Wu L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Gomes Dos Santos IL, Subudhi S, Lei P, Muzikansky A, Yuan Z, Rueda BR, Jain RK, Xu L

Losartan rewires the tumor-immune microenvironment and suppresses IGF-1 to overcome resistance to chemo-immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.
Br J Cancer. 2024;131(10):1683-1693 - PMID: 39369055 - PMCID: PMC11554678 - DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02863-9

Datta M, Via LE, Dartois V, Xu L, Barry CE, Jain RK

Leveraging insights from cancer to improve tuberculosis therapy.
Trends Mol Med. 2024;31(1):11-20 - PMID: 39142973 - PMCID: PMC11717643 - DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.011

Lu S, Yin Z, Chen J, Wu L, Sun Y, Gao X, Huang P, Jordan JT, Plotkin SR, Xu L

Integrating Ataxia Evaluation into Tumor-Induced Hearing Loss Model to Comprehensively Study NF2-Related Schwannomatosis.
Cancers (Basel). 2024;16(11):ePub - PMID: 38893082 - PMCID: PMC11171041 - DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111961

Datta M, Via LE, Dartois V, Weiner DM, Zimmerman M, Kaya F, Walker AM, Fleegle JD, Raplee ID, McNinch C, Zarodniuk M, Kamoun WS, Yue C, Kumar AS, Subudhi S, Xu L, Barry CE, Jain RK

Normalizing granuloma vasculature and matrix improves drug delivery and reduces bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024;121(14):e2321336121 - PMID: 38530888 - PMCID: PMC10998582 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321336121

Datta M, Kennedy M, Siri S, Via LE, Baish JW, Xu L, Dartois V, Barry CE, Jain RK

Mathematical model of oxygen, nutrient, and drug transport in Tuberculosis Granulomas.
PLoS Comput Biol. 2024;20(2):e1011847 - PMID: 38335224 - PMCID: PMC10883541 - DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011847

Datta M, Chatterjee S, Perez EM, Gritsch S, Roberge S, Duquette M, Chen IX, Naxerova K, Kumar AS, Ghosh M, Emblem KE, Ng MR, Ho WW, Kumar P, Krishnan S, Dong X, Speranza MC, Neagu MR, Iorgulescu JB, Huang RY, Youssef G, Reardon DA, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ, Suvà ML, Xu L, Jain RK

Losartan controls immune checkpoint blocker-induced edema and improves survival in glioblastoma mouse models.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120(6):e2219199120 - PMID: 36724255 - PMCID: PMC9963691 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219199120

Zhao F, Chen Y, Li SW, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhao XB, Yang ZJ, Wang B, He QY, Wang LM, Xu L, Liu PN

Novel patient-derived xenograft and cell line models for therapeutic screening in NF2-associated schwannoma.
J Pathol. 2022;257(5):620-634 - PMID: 35394061 - DOI: 10.1002/path.5908

Ho WW, Gomes-Santos IL, Aoki S, Datta M, Kawaguchi K, Talele NP, Roberge S, Ren J, Liu H, Chen IX, Andersson P, Chatterjee S, Kumar AS, Amoozgar Z, Zhang Q, Huang P, Ng MR, Chauhan VP, Xu L, Duda DG, Clark JW, Pittet MJ, Fukumura D, Jain RK

Dendritic cell paucity in mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancer liver metastases limits immune checkpoint blockade efficacy.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(45):ePub - PMID: 34725151 - PMCID: PMC8609309 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105323118

Wu L, Vasilijic S, Sun Y, Chen J, Landegger LD, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Ren J, Early S, Yin Z, Ho WW, Zhang N, Gao X, Lee GY, Datta M, Sagers JE, Brown A, Muzikansky A, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Zhang L, Plotkin SR, Jain RK, Stankovic KM, Xu L

Losartan prevents tumor-induced hearing loss and augments radiation efficacy in NF2 schwannoma rodent models.
Sci Transl Med. 2021;13(602):ePub - PMID: 34261799 - PMCID: PMC8409338 - DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd4816

Amoozgar Z, Kloepper J, Ren J, Tay RE, Kazer SW, Kiner E, Krishnan S, Posada JM, Ghosh M, Mamessier E, Wong C, Ferraro GB, Batista A, Wang N, Badeaux M, Roberge S, Xu L, Huang P, Shalek AK, Fukumura D, Kim HJ, Jain RK

Targeting Treg cells with GITR activation alleviates resistance to immunotherapy in murine glioblastomas
Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):2582 - PMID: 33976133 - PMCID: PMC8113440 - DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22885-8

Sagers JE, Beauchamp RL, Zhang Y, Vasilijic S, Wu L, DeSouza P, Seist R, Zhou W, Xu L, Ramesh V, Stankovic KM

Combination therapy with mTOR kinase inhibitor and dasatinib as a novel therapeutic strategy for vestibular schwannoma.
Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):4211 - PMID: 32144278 - PMCID: PMC7060236 - DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60156-6

Zhao Y, Cao J, Melamed A, Worley M, Gockley A, Jones D, Nia HT, Zhang Y, Stylianopoulos T, Kumar AS, Mpekris F, Datta M, Sun Y, Wu L, Gao X, Yeku O, Del Carmen MG, Spriggs DR, Jain RK, Xu L

Losartan treatment enhances chemotherapy efficacy and reduces ascites in ovarian cancer models by normalizing the tumor stroma.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(6):2210-2219 - PMID: 30659155 - PMCID: PMC6369817 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818357116

Chen J, Landegger LD, Sun Y, Ren J, Maimon N, Wu L, Ng MR, Chen JW, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Gao X, Fujita T, Roberge S, Huang P, Jain RK, Plotkin SR, Stankovic KM, Xu L

A cerebellopontine angle mouse model for the investigation of tumor biology, hearing, and neurological function in NF2-related vestibular schwannoma.
Nat Protoc. 2019;14(2):541-555 - PMID: 30617350 - PMCID: PMC6571021 - DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0105-7

Zhao Y, Liu P, Zhang N, Chen J, Landegger LD, Wu L, Zhao F, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fujita T, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Ferraro GB, Liu H, Muzikansky A, Plotkin SR, Stankovic KM, Jain RK, Xu L

Targeting the cMET pathway augments radiation response without adverse effect on hearing in NF2 schwannoma models.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(9):E2077-E2084 - PMID: 29440379 - PMCID: PMC5834719 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719966115

Askoxylakis V, Badeaux M, Roberge S, Batista A, Kirkpatrick N, Snuderl M, Amoozgar Z, Seano G, Ferraro GB, Chatterjee S, Xu L, Fukumura D, Duda DG, Jain RK

A cerebellar window for intravital imaging of normal and disease states in mice.
Nat Protoc. 2017;12(11):2251-2262 - PMID: 28981123 - PMCID: PMC5918134 - DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.101

Zhang N, Gao X, Zhao Y, Datta M, Liu P, Xu L

Rationally combining anti-VEGF therapy with radiation in NF2 schwannoma.
J Rare Dis Res Treat. 2017;1(2):51-55 - PMID: 28191549 - PMCID: PMC5300073

Peterson TE, Kirkpatrick ND, Huang Y, Farrar CT, Marijt KA, Kloepper J, Datta M, Amoozgar Z, Seano G, Jung K, Kamoun WS, Vardam T, Snuderl M, Goveia J, Chatterjee S, Batista A, Muzikansky A, Leow CC, Xu L, Batchelor TT, Duda DG, Fukumura D, Jain RK

Dual inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF receptors normalizes tumor vasculature and prolongs survival in glioblastoma by altering macrophages.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(16):4470-5 - PMID: 27044097 - PMCID: PMC4843449 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525349113

Kloepper J, Riedemann L, Amoozgar Z, Seano G, Susek K, Yu V, Dalvie N, Amelung RL, Datta M, Song JW, Askoxylakis V, Taylor JW, Lu-Emerson C, Batista A, Kirkpatrick ND, Jung K, Snuderl M, Muzikansky A, Stubenrauch KG, Krieter O, Wakimoto H, Xu L, Munn LL, Duda DG, Fukumura D, Batchelor TT, Jain RK

Ang-2/VEGF bispecific antibody reprograms macrophages and resident microglia to anti-tumor phenotype and prolongs glioblastoma survival.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(16):4476-81 - PMID: 27044098 - PMCID: PMC4843473 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525360113

Gao X, Zhao Y, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Liu H, Huang P, Chin S, Selig MK, Plotkin SR, Jain RK, Xu L

Anti-VEGF treatment improves neurological function and augments radiation response in NF2 schwannoma model.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(47):14676-81 - PMID: 26554010 - PMCID: PMC4664377 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512570112

Datta M, Via LE, Kamoun WS, Liu C, Chen W, Seano G, Weiner DM, Schimel D, England K, Martin JD, Gao X, Xu L, Barry CE, Jain RK

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment normalizes tuberculosis granuloma vasculature and improves small molecule delivery.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(6):1827-32 - PMID: 25624495 - PMCID: PMC4330784 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424563112

Snuderl M, Batista A, Kirkpatrick ND, Ruiz de Almodovar C, Riedemann L, Walsh EC, Anolik R, Huang Y, Martin JD, Kamoun W, Knevels E, Schmidt T, Farrar CT, Vakoc BJ, Mohan N, Chung E, Roberge S, Peterson T, Bais C, Zhelyazkova BH, Yip S, Hasselblatt M, Rossig C, Niemeyer E, Ferrara N, Klagsbrun M, Duda DG, Fukumura D, Xu L, Carmeliet P, Jain RK

Targeting placental growth factor/neuropilin 1 pathway inhibits growth and spread of medulloblastoma.
Cell. 2013;152(5):1065-76 - PMID: 23452854 - PMCID: PMC3587980 - DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.036

Liu J, Liao S, Diop-Frimpong B, Chen W, Goel S, Naxerova K, Ancukiewicz M, Boucher Y, Jain RK, Xu L

TGF-? blockade improves the distribution and efficacy of therapeutics in breast carcinoma by normalizing the tumor stroma.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(41):16618-23 - PMID: 22996328 - PMCID: PMC3478596 - DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1117610109

Goel S, Duda DG, Xu L, Munn LL, Boucher Y, Fukumura D, Jain RK

Normalization of the vasculature for treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Physiol Rev. 2011;91(3):1071-121 - PMID: 21742796 - PMCID: PMC3258432 - DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2010

Liu J, Liao S, Huang Y, Samuel R, Shi T, Naxerova K, Huang P, Kamoun W, Jain RK, Fukumura D, Xu L

PDGF-D improves drug delivery and efficacy via vascular normalization, but promotes lymphatic metastasis by activating CXCR4 in breast cancer.
Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(11):3638-48 - PMID: 21459800 - PMCID: PMC3107920 - DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2456

Duda DG, Kozin SV, Kirkpatrick ND, Xu L, Fukumura D, Jain RK

CXCL12 (SDF1alpha)-CXCR4/CXCR7 pathway inhibition: an emerging sensitizer for anticancer therapies?
Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(8):2074-80 - PMID: 21349998 - PMCID: PMC3079023 - DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2636

Liao S, Liu J, Lin P, Shi T, Jain RK, Xu L

TGF-beta blockade controls ascites by preventing abnormalization of lymphatic vessels in orthotopic human ovarian carcinoma models.
Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(6):1415-24 - PMID: 21278244 - PMCID: PMC3060297 - DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2429

Gerstner ER, Eichler AF, Plotkin SR, Drappatz J, Doyle CL, Xu L, Duda DG, Wen PY, Jain RK, Batchelor TT

Phase I trial with biomarker studies of vatalanib (PTK787) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with enzyme inducing anti-epileptic drugs and standard radiation and temozolomide.
J Neurooncol. 2011;103(2):325-32 - PMID: 20821342 - PMCID: PMC4090923 - DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0390-7

Xu L, Czito BG, Willett CG

Epigenetic markers in rectal cancer.
Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(10):2699-701 - PMID: 20460492 - DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0559

Xu L, Duda DG, di Tomaso E, Ancukiewicz M, Chung DC, Lauwers GY, Samuel R, Shellito P, Czito BG, Lin PC, Poleski M, Bentley R, Clark JW, Willett CG, Jain RK

Direct evidence that bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody, up-regulates SDF1alpha, CXCR4, CXCL6, and neuropilin 1 in tumors from patients with rectal cancer.
Cancer Res. 2009;69(20):7905-10 - PMID: 19826039 - PMCID: PMC2859041 - DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2099

Willett CG, Duda DG, Xu L, diTomaso E, Boucher Y, Czito B, Ancukiewicz M, Clark J, Carroll M, Lauwers G, Jain RK

Correlation of blood and physiologic markers with effect of bevacizumab (BV) with chemoradiation therapy in rectal cancer (RC).
J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(15_suppl):4096 - PMID: 27949464

Kashiwagi S, Tsukada K, Xu L, Miyazaki J, Kozin SV, Tyrrell JA, Sessa WC, Gerweck LE, Jain RK, Fukumura D

Perivascular nitric oxide gradients normalize tumor vasculature.
Nat Med. 2008;14(3):255-7 - PMID: 18278052 - DOI: 10.1038/nm1730

Jain RK, Xu L

alphaPlGF: a new kid on the antiangiogenesis block.
Cell. 2007;131(3):443-5 - PMID: 17981110 - DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.023

Xu L, Jain RK

Down-regulation of placenta growth factor by promoter hypermethylation in human lung and colon carcinoma.
Mol Cancer Res. 2007;5(9):873-80 - PMID: 17704140 - DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-06-0141

Lawenda BD, Smith DE, Xu L, Niemierko A, Silverstein JR, Boucher Y, Kashiwagi S, Held KD, Jain RK, Loeffler JS, Eisenberg DM, Blumberg JB

Do the dietary supplements epigallocatechin gallate or vitamin e cause a radiomodifying response on tumors in vivo? A pilot study with murine breast carcinoma.
J Soc Integr Oncol. 2007;5(1):11-7 - PMID: 17309809 - DOI: 10.2310/7200.2006.033

Hagendoorn J, Tong R, Fukumura D, Lin Q, Lobo J, Padera TP, Xu L, Kucherlapati R, Jain RK

Onset of abnormal blood and lymphatic vessel function and interstitial hypertension in early stages of carcinogenesis.
Cancer Res. 2006;66(7):3360-4 - PMID: 16585153 - DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2655

Xu L, Cochran DM, Tong RT, Winkler F, Kashiwagi S, Jain RK, Fukumura D

Placenta growth factor overexpression inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis by depleting vascular endothelial growth factor homodimers in orthotopic mouse models.
Cancer Res. 2006;66(8):3971-7 - PMID: 16618713 - DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3085

Xu L, Tong R, Cochran DM, Jain RK

Blocking platelet-derived growth factor-D/platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta signaling inhibits human renal cell carcinoma progression in an orthotopic mouse model.
Cancer Res. 2005;65(13):5711-9 - PMID: 15994946 - DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4313

Kashiwagi S, Izumi Y, Gohongi T, Demou ZN, Xu L, Huang PL, Buerk DG, Munn LL, Jain RK, Fukumura D

NO mediates mural cell recruitment and vessel morphogenesis in murine melanomas and tissue-engineered blood vessels.
J Clin Invest. 2005;115(7):1816-27 - PMID: 15951843 - PMCID: PMC1143589 - DOI: 10.1172/JCI24015

Winkler F, Kozin SV, Tong RT, Chae SS, Booth MF, Garkavtsev I, Xu L, Hicklin DJ, Fukumura D, di Tomaso E, Munn LL, Jain RK

Kinetics of vascular normalization by VEGFR2 blockade governs brain tumor response to radiation: role of oxygenation, angiopoietin-1, and matrix metalloproteinases.
Cancer Cell. 2004;6(6):553-63 - PMID: 15607960 - DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.10.011

Garkavtsev I, Kozin SV, Chernova O, Xu L, Winkler F, Brown E, Barnett GH, Jain RK

The candidate tumour suppressor protein ING4 regulates brain tumour growth and angiogenesis.
Nature. 2004;428(6980):328-32 - PMID: 15029197 - DOI: 10.1038/nature02329

Xu L, Pathak PS, Fukumura D

Hypoxia-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase signaling pathways contributes to expression of interleukin 8 in human ovarian carcinoma cells.
Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(2):701-7 - PMID: 14760093 - DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0953-03

Fukumura D, Ushiyama A, Duda DG, Xu L, Tam J, Krishna V, Chatterjee K, Garkavtsev I, Jain RK

Paracrine regulation of angiogenesis and adipocyte differentiation during in vivo adipogenesis.
Circ Res. 2003;93(9):e88-97 - PMID: 14525808 - PMCID: PMC2755542 - DOI: 10.1161/01.RES.0000099243.20096.FA

Bockhorn M, Tsuzuki Y, Xu L, Frilling A, Broelsch CE, Fukumura D

Differential vascular and transcriptional responses to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody in orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts.
Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9(11):4221-6 - PMID: 14519649

Fidler IJ, Yoneda J, Herrera C, Wood J, Xu L

Specific Keynote: Molecular determinants of angiogenesis in ovarian cancer
Gynecologic Oncology. 2003;88:S290S36

Fidler IJ, Yoneda J, Herrera C, Wood J, Xu L

Specific keynote: molecular determinants of angiogenesis in ovarian cancer.
Gynecol Oncol. 2003;88(1 Pt 2):S29-36; discussion S37-42 - PMID: 12586082 - DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2002.6680

Izumi Y, Xu L, di Tomaso E, Fukumura D, Jain RK

Tumour biology: herceptin acts as an anti-angiogenic cocktail.
Nature. 2002;416(6878):279-80 - PMID: 11907566 - DOI: 10.1038/416279b

Herrera CA, Xu L, Bucana CD, Silva el VG, Hess KR, Gershenson DM, Fidler IJ

Expression of metastasis-related genes in human epithelial ovarian tumors.
Int J Oncol. 2002;20(1):5-13 - PMID: 11743636

Tsuzuki Y, Mouta Carreira C, Bockhorn M, Xu L, Jain RK, Fukumura D

Pancreas microenvironment promotes VEGF expression and tumor growth: novel window models for pancreatic tumor angiogenesis and microcirculation.
Lab Invest. 2001;81(10):1439-51 - PMID: 11598156 - DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780357

Fukumura D, Xu L, Chen Y, Gohongi T, Seed B, Jain RK

Hypoxia and acidosis independently up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor transcription in brain tumors in vivo.
Cancer Res. 2001;61(16):6020-4 - PMID: 11507045

Brown EB, Campbell RB, Tsuzuki Y, Xu L, Carmeliet P, Fukumura D, Jain RK

In vivo measurement of gene expression, angiogenesis and physiological function in tumors using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy.
Nat Med. 2001;7(7):864-8 - PMID: 11433354 - DOI: 10.1038/89997

Xu L, Fidler IJ

Interleukin 8: an autocrine growth factor for human ovarian cancer.
Oncol Res. 2000;12(2):97-106 - PMID: 11132928 - DOI: 10.3727/096504001108747567

Xu L, Fidler IJ

Acidic pH-induced elevation in interleukin 8 expression by human ovarian carcinoma cells.
Cancer Res. 2000;60(16):4610-6 - PMID: 10969814

Xu L, Yoneda J, Herrera C, Wood J, Killion JJ, Fidler IJ

Inhibition of malignant ascites and growth of human ovarian carcinoma by oral administration of a potent inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases.
Int J Oncol. 2000;16(3):445-54 - PMID: 10675474 - DOI: 10.3892/ijo.16.3.445

Fidler IJ, Bielenberg DR, Slaton J, Xu L, Dinney CPN, Dong Z

Interferon-mediated antiangiogenic therapy
Journal of National Cancer Institute. 2000;1092:4-12

Fidler IJ, Singh RK, Yoneda J, Kumar R, Xu L, Dong Z, Bielenberg DR, McCarty M, Ellis LM

Critical determinants of neoplastic angiogenesis
The Cancer Journal. 2000;6 Suppl 3:S225-36 - PMID: 10874492

Xu L, Xie K, Mukaida N, Matsushima K, Fidler IJ

Hypoxia-induced elevation in interleukin-8 expression by human ovarian carcinoma cells.
Cancer Res. 1999;59(22):5822-9 - PMID: 10582705

Xu L, Xie K, Fidler IJ

Therapy of human ovarian cancer by transfection with the murine interferon beta gene: role of macrophage-inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Hum Gene Ther. 1998;9(18):2699-708 - PMID: 9874268 - DOI: 10.1089/hum.1998.9.18-2699

Juang SH, Xie K, Xu L, Shi Q, Wang Y, Yoneda J, Fidler IJ

Suppression of tumorigenicity and metastasis of human renal carcinoma cells by infection with retroviral vectors harboring the murine inducible nitric oxide synthase gene.
Hum Gene Ther. 1998;9(6):845-54 - PMID: 9581907 - DOI: 10.1089/hum.1998.9.6-845

Xie K, Bielenberg D, Huang S, Xu L, Salas T, Juang SH, Dong Z, Fidler IJ

Abrogation of tumorigenicity and metastasis of murine and human tumor cells by transfection with the murine IFN-beta gene: possible role of nitric oxide.
Clin Cancer Res. 1997;3(12 Pt 1):2283-94 - PMID: 9815626

Xie K, Wang Y, Huang S, Xu L, Bielenberg D, Salas T, McConkey DJ, Jiang W, Fidler IJ

Nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis of K-1735 melanoma cells is associated with downregulation of Bcl-2.
Oncogene. 1997;15(7):771-9 - PMID: 9266963 - DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201239

Juang SH, Xie K, Xu L, Wang Y, Yoneda J, Fidler IJ

Use of retroviral vectors encoding murine inducible nitric oxide synthase gene to suppress tumorigenicity and cancer metastasis of murine melanoma.
Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 1997;12(3):167-75 - PMID: 10851463 - DOI: 10.1089/cbr.1997.12.167